from pathlib import Path
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Path對(duì)象表示當(dāng)前工作目錄
current_directory = Path.cwd()
print("當(dāng)前工作目錄:", current_directory)
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的目錄
new_directory = current_directory / "my_folder"
new_directory.mkdir()
print("創(chuàng)建新目錄:", new_directory)
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的文件
new_file = new_directory / "my_file.txt"
new_file.touch()
print("創(chuàng)建新文件:", new_file)
# 寫入文件
with new_file.open(mode='w') as f:
    f.write("Hello, World!")
# 讀取文件內(nèi)容
with new_file.open() as f:
    content = f.read()
print("文件內(nèi)容:", content)
# 遍歷目錄中的文件
for file in new_directory.iterdir():
    print("文件:", file)
# 刪除文件和目錄
new_file.unlink()
new_directory.rmdir()
print("刪除文件和目錄:", new_file, new_directory)

import tempfile
# 創(chuàng)建臨時(shí)文件
temp_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
temp_file.write(b'This is a temporary file.')
temp_file.close()
# 打印臨時(shí)文件路徑
print("臨時(shí)文件路徑:", temp_file.name)
# 打開臨時(shí)文件并讀取內(nèi)容
with open(temp_file.name, 'r') as f:
    content = f.read()
print("臨時(shí)文件內(nèi)容:", content)
# 創(chuàng)建臨時(shí)目錄
temp_dir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
# 打印臨時(shí)目錄路徑
print("臨時(shí)目錄路徑:", temp_dir.name)
# 自動(dòng)清理臨時(shí)目錄
temp_dir.cleanup()

import shutil
# 復(fù)制文件
shutil.copy('source_file.txt', 'destination_folder/')
# 移動(dòng)文件
shutil.move('source_file.txt', 'destination_folder/')
# 刪除文件
shutil.remove('file_to_be_deleted.txt')
# 刪除目錄
shutil.rmtree('directory_to_be_deleted/')
# 創(chuàng)建壓縮文件
shutil.make_archive('archive', 'zip', 'source_folder/')
# 解壓縮文件
shutil.unpack_archive('archive.zip', 'destination_folder/')

import os
print(os.getenv('PATH'))
# 獲取環(huán)境變量PATH的值，并打印
# 示例輸出：/home/martin/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:...
print(os.uname())
# 獲取操作系統(tǒng)的信息，并打印
# 示例輸出：posix.uname_result(sysname='Linux', nodename='...', release='...', version='...', machine='x86_64')
print(os.times())
# 獲取進(jìn)程的CPU時(shí)間信息，并打印
# 示例輸出：posix.times_result(user=0.01, system=0.0, children_user=0.0, children_system=0.0, elapsed=1740.63)
print(os.cpu_count())
# 獲取可用的CPU核心數(shù)量，并打印
# 示例輸出：16
print(os.getloadavg())
# 獲取系統(tǒng)的平均負(fù)載，并打印
# 示例輸出：(2.021484375, 2.35595703125, 2.04052734375)
old_umask = os.umask(0o022)
# 設(shè)置文件創(chuàng)建時(shí)的權(quán)限掩碼，并將舊的掩碼保存起來(lái)
# 在此處可以執(zhí)行與文件相關(guān)的操作...
os.umask(old_umask)
# 恢復(fù)舊的文件權(quán)限掩碼

pip install sh

import sh
# 在 $PATH 中運(yùn)行任何命令...
print(sh.ls('-la'))
# 執(zhí)行l(wèi)s命令并打印輸出
# 示例輸出：
# total 36
# drwxrwxr-x  2 martin martin  4096 apr  8 14:18 .
# drwxrwxr-x 41 martin martin 20480 apr  7 15:23 ..
# -rw-rw-r--  1 martin martin    30 apr  8 14:18 examples.py
ls_cmd = sh.Command('ls')
print(ls_cmd('-la'))  # 顯式調(diào)用
# 使用Command對(duì)象執(zhí)行l(wèi)s命令并打印輸出
# 示例輸出與上述相同
# 如果命令不在PATH中：
custom_cmd = sh.Command('/path/to/my/cmd')
custom_cmd('some', 'args') # 執(zhí)行自定義命令并傳遞參數(shù)
with sh.contrib.sudo:
    # 使用'sudo'執(zhí)行一些操作...
    ...
# 使用'sudo'執(zhí)行一些操作的上下文環(huán)境

custom_cmd = sh.Command('/path/to/my/cmd')
custom_cmd('some', 'args')  # 執(zhí)行自定義命令并傳遞參數(shù)

#相當(dāng)于 ip address > /tmp/ipaddr
sh.ip.address(_out='/tmp/ipaddr')

print(sh.awk('{print $9}', _in=sh.ls('-la')))
# 等同于 "ls -la | awk '{print $9}'"
print(sh.wc('-l', _in=sh.ls('.', '-1')))
# 等同于  "ls -1 | wc -l"

try:
    sh.cat('/tmp/doesnt/exist')
except sh.ErrorReturnCode as e:
    print(f'Command {e.full_cmd} exited with {e.exit_code}')
    # '/usr/bin/cat /tmp/doesnt/exist' 命令結(jié)果返回 1
curl = sh.curl('https://httpbin.org/delay/5', _bg=True)
try:
    curl.wait(timeout=3)
except sh.TimeoutException:
    print("Command timed out...")
    curl.kill()