import argparse
# 創(chuàng)建ArgumentParser對(duì)象
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='這是一個(gè)使用argparse的示例程序')
# 添加位置參數(shù)
parser.add_argument('name', help='姓名')
parser.add_argument('age', type=int, help='年齡')
# 添加可選參數(shù)
parser.add_argument('--gender', choices=['male', 'female'], help='性別')
parser.add_argument('--height', type=float, help='身高')
# 解析命令行參數(shù)
args = parser.parse_args()
# 訪問(wèn)解析后的參數(shù)
print(f'姓名: {args.name}')
print(f'年齡: {args.age}')
print(f'性別: {args.gender}')
print(f'身高: {args.height}')

python my_program.py John 25 --gender male --height 1.75

import argparse
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)解析器
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
    prog="myprog", # 程序名，默認(rèn)為sys.argv[0]
    description="This is a program that does something", # 程序描述
    epilog="This is some text at the bottom of help" # 幫助信息底部的文本
)

# 添加一個(gè)位置參數(shù)
parser.add_argument("filename", help="the name of the file to process")

# 添加一個(gè)可選參數(shù)
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", help="increase output verbosity", action="store_true")

# 解析參數(shù)
args = parser.parse_args()
# 使用參數(shù)
if args.verbose:
    print(f"Processing {args.filename} in verbose mode")
else:
    print(f"Processing {args.filename}")

$ git clone https://github.com/python/cpython.git
$ git status
$ git commit -m "some message"

# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)主解析器
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="A simple calculator")
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)子解析器
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help="sub-command help")
# 為每個(gè)子命令添加一個(gè)子解析器
parser_add = subparsers.add_parser("add", help="add two numbers")
parser_add.add_argument("x", type=int, help="the first number")
parser_add.add_argument("y", type=int, help="the second number")
parser_sub = subparsers.add_parser("sub", help="subtract two numbers")
parser_sub.add_argument("x", type=int, help="the first number")
parser_sub.add_argument("y", type=int, help="the second number")
parser_mul = subparsers.add_parser("mul", help="multiply two numbers")
parser_mul.add_argument("x", type=int, help="the first number")
parser_mul.add_argument("y", type=int, help="the second number")
parser_div = subparsers.add_parser("div", help="divide two numbers")
parser_div.add_argument("x", type=int, help="the first number")
parser_div.add_argument("y", type=int, help="the second number")
# 解析參數(shù)
args = parser.parse_args()
# 使用參數(shù)
if args.subcommand == "add":
    print(args.x + args.y)
elif args.subcommand == "sub":
    print(args.x - args.y)
elif args.subcommand == "mul":
    print(args.x * args.y)
elif args.subcommand == "div":
    print(args.x / args.y)

$ python3 prog.py -a
$ python3 prog.py -b
$ python3 prog.py -a -b # 錯(cuò)誤

# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)解析器
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="A simple program")
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)互斥組
group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
# 為該組添加一些選項(xiàng)
group.add_argument("-a", action="store_true")
group.add_argument("-b", action="store_true")
# 解析參數(shù)
args = parser.parse_args()
# 使用參數(shù)
if args.a:
    print("Option A is selected")
elif args.b:
    print("Option B is selected")
else:
    print("No option is selected")

$ python3 prog.py input.txt output.txt

# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)解析器
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="A simple program that reads from a file and writes to another file")
# 添加兩個(gè)文件類(lèi)型的參數(shù)
parser.add_argument("infile", type=argparse.FileType("r"), help="the input file")
parser.add_argument("outfile", type=argparse.FileType("w"), help="the output file")
# 解析參數(shù)
args = parser.parse_args()
# 使用參數(shù)
for line in args.infile:
    args.outfile.write(line.upper())