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Python繪圖之在父組件中使用子組件的函數(shù)詳解

更新時(shí)間：2023年08月28日 09:17:10 作者：微小冷

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了Python在項(xiàng)目開發(fā)時(shí),如何實(shí)現(xiàn)在父組件中使用子組件的函數(shù),文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì),感興趣的小伙伴可以跟隨小編一起了解一下

Combobox綁定事件

DrawType類可以設(shè)置繪圖維度，而繪圖維度和坐標(biāo)軸的個(gè)數(shù)是息息相關(guān)的。換言之，一個(gè)比較合理的交互邏輯是，改選DrawType的維度后，就應(yīng)該可以改變坐標(biāo)軸的個(gè)數(shù)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)功能，需要為ComboBox綁定一個(gè)事件，改動(dòng)起來非常簡(jiǎn)單，只需在initWidgets最后加上一行就可以。

def initWidgets(self, ws):
    if ws==None: ws = [8, 3]
    slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[0], textvariable=self.drawType)
    slct['value'] = self.types
    slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
    slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[1], textvariable=self.drawDim)
    slct['value'] = self.dims
    slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
    slct.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', self.dimChanged)

接下來比較重要的則是self.dimChanged的定義。由于我們希望當(dāng)Combobox改變時(shí)，是另一個(gè)控件的內(nèi)容發(fā)生變化，所以self.dimChanged最好是其他控件傳入的一個(gè)函數(shù)。故而需要更改DrawType的初始化函數(shù)，即添加一個(gè)func參數(shù)，然后把這個(gè)參數(shù)賦給self.dimChanged方法。

def __init__(self, master, types, slctType, 
    slctDim="3", ws=None, func=None, **options):
    super().__init__(master, **options)
    #。。。
    self.dimChanged = func
    # 。。。

互相調(diào)用

最后，修改AxisList中初始化DrawType的語句

self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, types, slctType,  func=self.dimChanged)

并創(chuàng)建self.dimChanged函數(shù)，代碼如下，邏輯是根據(jù)當(dāng)前選擇的維度來更新txyz這幾個(gè)AxisFrame。

def dimChanged(self, evt):
    txyz = self.getDrawDim()
    for flag in 'txyz':
        self.vis[flag] = flag in txyz
    self.updateVisible()
def updateVisible(self):
    for flag in 'txyz':
        self.afs[flag].pack_forget()
    for flag in 'txyz':
        if self.vis[flag]:
            self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)

效果如下

最后的最后，在坐標(biāo)軸創(chuàng)建時(shí)也應(yīng)該遵循繪圖維度和坐標(biāo)個(gè)數(shù)之間的關(guān)系，這樣打開軟件或者新創(chuàng)建一組坐標(biāo)的時(shí)候，就可以自動(dòng)與繪圖維度相匹配了。

def initAxis(self, mode, widths):
    for flag in 'txyz':
        self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self._c, flag, mode, widths)
        self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
    self.vis = {L : L in self.getDrawDim() for L in 'txyz'}
    self.updateVisible()

源代碼

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (
    FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
class AxisFrame(ttk.Frame):
    # widths 是每個(gè)控件的寬度
    def __init__(self, master, label, mode, widths, **options):
        super().__init__(master, **options)
        self.pack()
        self.label = label
        self.initVar(mode)
        self.initWidgets(widths)
    def initVar(self, mode):
        self.MODES = ("序列化", "源代碼", "外部導(dǎo)入", "無數(shù)據(jù)")
        self.mode = tk.StringVar()
        self.setMode(mode)
    def initWidgets(self, widths):
        tk.Label(self, text=self.label, width=widths[0]).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=widths[1], textvariable=self.mode)
        self.slct['value'] = self.MODES
        self.slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.entry = tk.Entry(self, width=widths[2])
        self.entry.pack(padx=5, side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X)
    def setText(self, text):
        self.entry.delete(0, "end")
        self.entry.insert(0, text)
    def get(self):
        return self.entry.get()
    def setMode(self, mode):
        if type(mode) != str:
            mode = self.MODES[mode]
        self.mode.set(mode)
    def setData(self, data=None, **txyz):
        if self.mode.get() == "序列化":
            return self.getArray()
        elif self.mode.get() == "外部導(dǎo)入":
            return self.loadData(data)
        else:
            return self.readPython(**txyz)
    def readPython(self, t=None, x=None, y=None, z=None):
        self.data = eval(self.get())
        return self.data
    def loadData(self, data):
        if type(data) != type(None):
            self.data = data
        return self.data
    def getArray(self):
        val = self.get()
        self.data = eval(f"np.linspace({val})")
        return self.data
class AxisList(ttk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master, 
        title, mode, widths, 
        types, slctType,        # 繪圖類型Combobox的參數(shù)
        **options):
        super().__init__(master, **options)
        self.pack()
        self.afs = {}
        self.data = {}
        self.initWidgets(title, widths)
        self.initFeature(types, slctType)
        self.initAxis(mode, widths)
    def initWidgets(self, title, widths):
        self.btn = ttk.Button(self, text=title, width=sum(widths)+5,
            command=self.Click)
        self.btn.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X, expand=tk.YES)
        self._c = ttk.Frame(self)
        self.collapsed = True
        self.Click()
    def initFeature(self, types, slctType):
        frm = ttk.Frame(self._c)
        frm.pack(pady=2, side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        ttk.Button(frm, text="加載",width=5,
            command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        frm = ttk.Frame(self._c)
        frm.pack(pady=2, side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, types, slctType, 
            func=self.dimChanged)
        self.drawTypeDim.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        self.vis = {L : True for L in 'txyz'}
        for flag in 'txyz':
            btn = ttk.Button(frm, text=flag, width=3)
            btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
            btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.btnAxisCollapse)
    def dimChanged(self, evt):
        txyz = self.getDrawDim()
        for flag in 'txyz':
            self.vis[flag] = flag in txyz
        self.updateVisible()
    def updateVisible(self):
        for flag in 'txyz':
            self.afs[flag].pack_forget()
        for flag in 'txyz':
            if self.vis[flag]:
                self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
    def getDrawType(self):
        return self.drawTypeDim.getType()
    def getDrawDim(self):
        return self.drawTypeDim.getDim()
    def initAxis(self, mode, widths):
        for flag in 'txyz':
            self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self._c, flag, mode, widths)
            self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.vis = {L : L in self.getDrawDim() for L in 'txyz'}
        self.updateVisible()
    def btnAxisCollapse(self, evt):
        flag = evt.widget['text']
        self.vis[flag] = not self.vis[flag]
        self.updateVisible()
    def btnLoadData(self):
        name = askopenfilename()
        data = np.genfromtxt(name)
        for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):
            if i >= data.shape[1]:
                return
            self.setOneMode(flag, "外部導(dǎo)入")
            self.data[flag] = self.setData(flag, data[:,i])
    def Click(self):
        if self.collapsed:
            self._c.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)            
        else:
            self._c.pack_forget()
        self.collapsed = not self.collapsed
    def setData(self, flag, data=None, **options):
        return self.afs[flag].setData(data, **options)
    def setOneMode(self, flag, mode):
        self.afs[flag].setMode(mode)
# 繪圖類型和維度
class DrawType(ttk.Frame):
    # ws為兩個(gè)combobox的寬
    def __init__(self, master, types, slctType, 
        slctDim="3", ws=None, func=None, **options):
        super().__init__(master, **options)
        self.pack()
        self.types = types  # 繪圖類型
        self.dims = ("1", "2", "3", "1+1", "2+1", "3+1")    # 繪圖維度
        self.dimChanged = func
        self.initVar(slctType, slctDim)
        self.initWidgets(ws)
    def initVar(self, slctType, dim):
        self.drawType = tk.StringVar()
        self.drawType.set(slctType)
        self.drawDim = tk.StringVar()
        if type(dim) != str:
            dim = self.dims[int(dim)]
        self.drawDim.set(dim)
    def initWidgets(self, ws):
        if ws==None: ws = [8, 3]
        slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[0], textvariable=self.drawType)
        slct['value'] = self.types
        slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[1], textvariable=self.drawDim)
        slct['value'] = self.dims
        slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        slct.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', self.dimChanged)
    def getType(self):
        return self.drawType.get()
    def getDim(self):
        dim = self.drawDim.get()
        dimDct = {"1"  :  "x", "2"  :  "xy", "3"  : "xyz", 
                  "1+1": "tx", "2+1": "txy", "3+1":  "txyz"}
        return dimDct[dim]
class DarwSystem():
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = tk.Tk()
        self.root.title("數(shù)據(jù)展示工具")
        self.data = {}
        self.als = []
        self.initConst()
        self.setFrmCtrl()
        frmFig = ttk.Frame(self.root)
        frmFig.pack(side=tk.LEFT,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)
        self.setFrmFig(frmFig)
        self.root.mainloop()
    def initConst(self):
        self.TYPES = ("點(diǎn)線圖", "散點(diǎn)圖", "條形圖")
        self.drawDct = {
            "點(diǎn)線圖" : self.drawPlot,
            "散點(diǎn)圖" : self.drawScatter,
            "條形圖" : self.drawBar
        }
    def setFrmCtrl(self):
        frmCtrl = ttk.Frame(self.root,width=320)
        frmCtrl.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
        frm = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl, width=320)
        frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.setCtrlButtons(frm)
        self.frmAxis = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl)
        self.frmAxis.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.addLast(None)
    # ! 工具欄
    def setCtrlButtons(self, frm):
        self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, self.TYPES, "點(diǎn)線圖")
        self.drawTypeDim.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        ttk.Button(frm, text="繪圖",width=5,
            command=self.btnDrawImg).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        ttk.Button(frm, text="加載",width=5,
            command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="+", width=3)
        btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.addLast)
        btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="-", width=3)
        btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
        btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.deleteLast)
    def addLast(self, evt):
        title = f"坐標(biāo){len(self.als)}"
        al = AxisList(self.frmAxis, title, 1, [5,10,20], 
            self.TYPES, self.drawTypeDim.getType())
        al.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
        self.als.append(al)
    def deleteLast(self, evt):
        self.als[-1].pack_forget()
        del self.als[-1]
    def btnLoadData(self):
        name = askopenfilename()
        data = np.genfromtxt(name)
        for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):
            if i >= data.shape[1]:
                return
            self.AL.setOneMode(flag, "外部導(dǎo)入")
            self.data[flag] = self.AL.setData(flag, data[:,i])
    def readDatas(self, al):
        dct = {}
        data = {}
        for flag in 'xyz':
            data[flag] = al.setData(flag, **dct)
            dct[flag] = data[flag]
        return data
    def btnDrawImg(self):
        self.fig.clf()
        keys = self.drawTypeDim.getDim()
        p = '3d' if 'z' in keys else None
        ax = self.fig.add_subplot(projection=p)
        for al in self.als:
            data = self.readDatas(al)
            draw = self.drawDct[al.getDrawType()]
            draw(ax, data, keys)
        self.fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.95, top=0.95, bottom=0.08)
        self.canvas.draw()
    def drawBar(self, ax, data, keys):
        ax.bar(data['x'], data['y'])
    def drawPlot(self, ax, data, keys):
        ax.plot(*[data[key] for key in keys])
    def drawScatter(self, ax, data, keys):
        ax.scatter(*[data[key] for key in keys])
    def setFrmFig(self, frmFig):
        self.fig = Figure()
        self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,frmFig)
        self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(
            side=tk.TOP,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)
        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas,frmFig,
            pack_toolbar=False)
        self.toolbar.update()
        self.toolbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    test = DarwSystem()

到此這篇關(guān)于Python繪圖之在父組件中使用子組件的函數(shù)詳解的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Python函數(shù)調(diào)用內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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