由于Scrapy該庫在Windows下會存在兼容問題，下面介紹的是在Linux系統(tǒng)進行安裝。

1、關(guān)于pip3命令的報錯

報錯代碼：

error: externally-managed-environment
 
× This environment is externally managed
╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
    python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
    install.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
    create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
    Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
    sure you have python3-full installed.
    
    If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
    it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
    virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
    
    See /usr/share/doc/python3.11/README.venv for more information.
 
note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribution provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, by passing --break-system-packages.
hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.

解決方法：在原有命令后面追加參數(shù)  --break-system-packages

因為scrapy可以直接當(dāng)做命令使用，所以我們也可以在終端輸入不存在的命令，它會提示你安裝

有時候pip3不行，我們也可以換pipx，或者apt install python3-文件名來進行安裝

pipx install scrapy

apt install python3-scrapy

2、執(zhí)行scrapy報錯（Python3下的OpenSSL模塊出錯）

報錯代碼：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/scrapy", line 33, in <module>
    sys.exit(load_entry_point('Scrapy==2.10.0', 'console_scripts', 'scrapy')())
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/bin/scrapy", line 25, in importlib_load_entry_point
    return next(matches).load()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/importlib/metadata/__init__.py", line 202, in load
    module = import_module(match.group('module'))
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1206, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1178, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1128, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
   ...
 AttributeError: module 'lib' has no attribute 'SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto'

這個是Python3下的OpenSSL模塊出錯，我們需要卸載它并重裝

解決方法：

pip3 uninstall pyopensslpip3 install pyopenssl

 嘗試了一些命令發(fā)現(xiàn)不行

3、卸載pyopenssl時報錯

報錯代碼：

Found existing installation: pyOpenSSL 21.0.0
Not uninstalling pyopenssl at /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages, outside environment /usr
Can't uninstall 'pyOpenSSL'. No files were found to uninstall.
Requirement already satisfied: pyopenssl in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (21.0.0)

解決辦法：

找到該文件夾所在路徑，直接將pyOpenSSL-21.0.0目錄刪掉，再重新安裝

該文件夾在 /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/ 下面

刪掉整個文件夾

重新使用命令安裝pyopenssl

pip3 install pyopenssl --break-system-packages

安裝成功后輸入scrapy命令

如下圖，則代表該庫已安裝成功

我們也可以進入ipython3進行驗證：

ipython是一個python的交互式shell，比默認(rèn)的python shell好用很多，支持變量自動補全，自動縮進，支持bash shell命令，內(nèi)置了許多很有用的功能和函數(shù)

只要可以成功導(dǎo)入該庫，沒有報錯，證明已經(jīng)安裝成功

到此這篇關(guān)于Python安裝Scrapy庫的常見報錯解決的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Python安裝Scrapy報錯內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！ 

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