# 示例代碼：使用描述性變量名和規(guī)范注釋
total_students = 100  # 總學(xué)生數(shù)
passed_students = 85  # 通過考試的學(xué)生數(shù)
# 計算通過率
pass_percentage = (passed_students / total_students) * 100
print(f"通過率為：{pass_percentage}%")

# 示例代碼：創(chuàng)建和激活虛擬環(huán)境
python3 -m venv myenv  # 創(chuàng)建名為myenv的虛擬環(huán)境
source myenv/bin/activate  # 激活虛擬環(huán)境 (Linux/Mac)

# 示例代碼：遵循PEP 8規(guī)范
def calculate_total(a, b):
    result = a + b
    return result

# 示例代碼：使用內(nèi)置函數(shù)map()
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squared = list(map(lambda x: x**2, numbers))
print(squared)  # 輸出: [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

# 示例代碼：異常處理
try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
    print(f"出現(xiàn)除零錯誤：{e}")

# 示例代碼：使用unittest編寫測試
import unittest
def add(a, b):
    return a + b
class TestAddFunction(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_add(self):
        self.assertEqual(add(2, 3), 5)

# 示例代碼：重構(gòu)以遵循DRY原則
def calculate_total(a, b):
    return a + b
# 重復(fù)邏輯
result1 = calculate_total(3, 5)
result2 = calculate_total(4, 6)

# 示例代碼：使用類和繼承
class Animal:
    def sound(self):
        pass
class Dog(Animal):
    def sound(self):
        return "Woof!"
class Cat(Animal):
    def sound(self):
        return "Meow!"

# 示例代碼：使用合適的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)
from collections import defaultdict
data = [1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3]
frequency = defaultdict(int)
for num in data:
    frequency[num] += 1
print(frequency)  # 輸出: {1: 3, 2: 3, 3: 2}

# 示例代碼：文檔化函數(shù)
def calculate_area(length, width):
    """計算矩形面積。
    Args:
        length (float): 矩形的長度
        width (float): 矩形的寬度
    Returns:
        float: 矩形的面積
    """
    return length * width