...
Dataset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(root='./mnist/', train=True, transform=transform, download=True,)
dataloader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=Dataset, batch_size=64, shuffle=True)
...
for epoch in range(EPOCH):
    for i, (image, label) in enumerate(dataloader):
        ...

class CustomDataset(torch.utils.data.Dataset):#需要繼承torch.utils.data.Dataset
    def __init__(self):
        # TODO
        # 1. Initialize file path or list of file names.
        pass
    def __getitem__(self, index):
        # TODO
        # 1. Read one data from file (e.g. using numpy.fromfile, PIL.Image.open).
        # 2. Preprocess the data (e.g. torchvision.Transform).
        # 3. Return a data pair (e.g. image and label).
        #這里需要注意的是，第一步：read one data，是一個(gè)data point
        pass
    def __len__(self):
        # You should change 0 to the total size of your dataset.
        return 0

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader
from torchvision import transforms
from PIL import Image
"""
如果代碼執(zhí)行的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)：
OMP: Error #15: Initializing libiomp5md.dll, but found libiomp5md.dll already initialized.
OMP: Hint This means that multiple copies of the OpenMP runtime have been linked into the program. 
That is dangerous, since it can degrade performance or cause incorrect results. The best thing 
to do is to ensure that only a single OpenMP runtime is linked into the process, e.g. 
by avoiding static linking of the OpenMP runtime in any library. As an unsafe, unsupported, 
undocumented workaround you can set the environment variable KMP_DUPLICATE_LIB_OK=TRUE to allow 
the program to continue to execute, but that may cause crashes or silently produce incorrect results. 
For more information, please see http://www.intel.com/software/products/support/.
解決辦法是加上：
import os
os.environ["KMP_DUPLICATE_LIB_OK"]="TRUE"
"""
import os
os.environ["KMP_DUPLICATE_LIB_OK"]="TRUE"
image_transform = transforms.Compose([
    transforms.Resize(256),                              # 把圖片resize為256*256
    transforms.RandomCrop(224),                          # 隨機(jī)裁剪224*224
    transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),                   # 水平翻轉(zhuǎn)
    transforms.ToTensor(),                               # 將圖像轉(zhuǎn)為Tensor
    transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])  # 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化
])
# 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)叫做DogVsCatDataset的Dataset，繼承自父類torch.utils.data.Dataset
class DogVsCatDataset(Dataset):
    def __init__(self, root_dir, train=True, transform=None):
        """
        Args:
            root_dir (string): Directory with all the images.
            transform (callable, optional): Optional transform to be applied on a sample.
        """
        self.root_dir = root_dir
        self.img_path = os.listdir(self.root_dir)
        if train:
            # 圖片數(shù)據(jù)中有類似：dog.12499.jpg的圖片共12499張。
            # x.split('.')[1] 就是文件名dog.12473.jpg中的序號(hào)部分，也是圖片的編號(hào)
            self.img_path = list(filter(lambda x: int(x.split('.')[1]) < 10000, self.img_path))  # 劃分訓(xùn)練集和驗(yàn)證集
        else:
            # 序號(hào)大于10000的編號(hào)
            self.img_path = list(filter(lambda x: int(x.split('.')[1]) >= 10000, self.img_path))
        self.transform = transform
    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.img_path)
    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        image = Image.open(os.path.join(self.root_dir, self.img_path[idx]))
        label = 0 if self.img_path[idx].split('.')[0] == 'cat' else 1  # label, 貓為0，狗為1
        if self.transform:
            image = self.transform(image)
        label = torch.from_numpy(np.array([label]))
        return image, label
# 來測(cè)試一下
if __name__ == '__main__':
    catanddog_dataset = DogVsCatDataset(root_dir='E:/BaiduNetdiskDownload/kaggle/train',
                                        train=False,
                                        transform=image_transform)
    # num_workers=4表示用4個(gè)線程讀取數(shù)據(jù)
    train_loader = DataLoader(catanddog_dataset, batch_size=8, shuffle=True, num_workers=4)
    # iter()函數(shù)把train_loader變?yōu)榈?，然后調(diào)用迭代器的next()方法
    image, label = iter(train_loader).next()
    sample = image[0].squeeze()
    sample = sample.permute((1, 2, 0)).numpy()
    sample *= [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]
    sample += [0.485, 0.456, 0.406]
    sample = np.clip(sample, 0, 1)
    plt.imshow(sample)
    plt.show()
    print('Label is: {}'.format(label[0].numpy()))

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
本案例來自：http://www.dbjr.com.cn/article/199360.htm
"""
import numpy as np
from skimage import io
from skimage import transform
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
import torch
import torchvision
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader
from torchvision.transforms import transforms
from torchvision.utils import make_grid
"""
第一步：
定義一個(gè)子類，繼承Dataset類，重寫__len()__,__getitem()__方法。
細(xì)節(jié)：
1、數(shù)據(jù)集中一個(gè)一樣的表示：采用字典的形式sample = {'image': image, 'label': label}。
2、圖像的讀?。翰捎胹kimage.io進(jìn)行讀取，讀取之后的結(jié)果為numpy.ndarray形式。
3、圖像變換：transform參數(shù)
"""
class MyDataset(Dataset):
    def __init__(self, root_dir, names_file, transform=None):
        self.root_dir = root_dir
        self.names_file = names_file
        self.transform = transform
        self.size = 0
        self.names_list = []
        if not os.path.isfile(self.names_file):
            print(self.names_file + 'does not exist!')
        file = open(self.names_file)
        for f in file:
            self.names_list.append(f)
            self.size += 1
    def __len__(self):
        return self.size
    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        image_path = self.root_dir + self.names_list[idx].split(' ')[0]
        if not os.path.isfile(image_path):
            print(image_path + 'does not exists!')
            return None
        image = io.imread(image_path)  # use skitimage
        label = int(self.names_list[idx].split(' ')[1])
        sample = {'image': image, 'label': label}
        if self.transform:
            sample = self.transform(sample)
        return sample
"""
第二步
實(shí)例化一個(gè)對(duì)象，并讀取和顯示數(shù)據(jù)集
"""
train_dataset = MyDataset(root_dir='./data/train',
                          names_file='./data/train/train.txt',
                          transform=None)
plt.figure()
for (cnt, i) in enumerate(train_dataset):
    image = i['image']
    label = i['label']
    ax = plt.subplot(4, 4, cnt + 1)
    ax.axis('off')
    ax.imshow(image)
    ax.set_title('label {}'.format(label))
    plt.pause(0.001)
    if cnt == 15:
        break
"""
第三步(可選optional)
對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行變換：一般收集到的圖像大小尺寸，亮度等存在差異，變換的目的就是使得數(shù)據(jù)歸一化。另一方面，可
以通過變換進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)增加data argument
關(guān)于pytorch中的變換transforms，請(qǐng)參考該系列之前的文章。
由于數(shù)據(jù)集中樣本采用字典dicts形式表示。 因此不能直接調(diào)用torchvision.transofrms中的方法。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)只進(jìn)行尺寸歸一化Resize, 數(shù)據(jù)類型變換ToTensor操作。
Resize
"""
# 變換Resize
class Resize(object):
    def __init__(self, output_size: tuple):
        self.output_size = output_size
    def __call__(self, sample):
        # 圖像
        image = sample['image']
        # 使用skitimage.transform對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行縮放
        image_new = transform.resize(image, self.output_size)
        return {'image': image_new, 'label': sample['label']}
# ToTensor
## 變換ToTensor
class ToTensor(object):
    def __call__(self, sample):
        image = sample['image']
        image_new = np.transpose(image, (2, 0, 1))
        return {'image': torch.from_numpy(image_new), 'label': sample['label']}
"""
第四步：對(duì)整個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集應(yīng)用變換
細(xì)節(jié)：transformers.Compose()將不同的幾個(gè)組合起來。先進(jìn)行Resize,再進(jìn)行ToTensor
"""
# 對(duì)原始的訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行變換
transformed_trainset = MyDataset(root_dir='./data/train',
                                 names_file='./data/train/train.txt',
                                 transform=transforms.Compose([
                                     Resize((224, 224)),
                                     ToTensor()]))
"""
第五步：使用DataLoader進(jìn)行包裝
為何要使用DataLoader?
1、深度學(xué)習(xí)的輸入是mini_batch形式
2、樣本加載時(shí)候可能需要隨機(jī)打亂順序，shuffle操作
3、樣本加載需要采用多線程
pytorch提供的DataLoader封裝了上述的功能，這樣使用起來更方便。
"""
# 使用DataLoader可以利用多線程，batch,shuffle等
# 使用DataLoader可以利用多線程，batch,shuffle等
trainset_dataloader = DataLoader(dataset=transformed_trainset,
                                 batch_size=4,
                                 shuffle=True,
                                 num_workers=4)
# 可視化
def show_images_batch(sample_batched):
    images_batch, labels_batch = \
        sample_batched['image'], sample_batched['label']
    grid = make_grid(images_batch)
    plt.imshow(grid.numpy().transpose(1, 2, 0))
# sample_batch: Tensor , NxCxHxW
plt.figure()
for i_batch, sample_batch in enumerate(trainset_dataloader):
    show_images_batch(sample_batch)
    plt.axis('off')
    plt.ioff()
    plt.show()
plt.show()
"""
通過DataLoader包裝之后，樣本以min_batch形式輸出，而且進(jìn)行了隨機(jī)打亂順序。
至此，自定義數(shù)據(jù)集的完整流程已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)，test, val集只需要改路徑即可。
"""

import torch
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/data_loading_tutorial.html
# data_transform = transforms.Compose([
#  transforms.RandomResizedCrop(224),
#  transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
#  transforms.ToTensor(),
#  transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406],
#       std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225])
# ])
data_transform = transforms.Compose([
 transforms.Resize((224,224)),
 transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
 transforms.ToTensor(),
])
train_dataset = datasets.ImageFolder(root='./data/train',transform=data_transform)
train_dataloader = DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset,
        batch_size=4,
        shuffle=True,
        num_workers=4)
def show_batch_images(sample_batch):
 labels_batch = sample_batch[1]
 images_batch = sample_batch[0]
 for i in range(4):
  label_ = labels_batch[i].item()
  image_ = np.transpose(images_batch[i], (1, 2, 0))
  ax = plt.subplot(1, 4, i + 1)
  ax.imshow(image_)
  ax.set_title(str(label_))
  ax.axis('off')
  plt.pause(0.01)
plt.figure()
for i_batch, sample_batch in enumerate(train_dataloader):
 show_batch_images(sample_batch)
 plt.show()