如何使用python編寫(xiě)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的課時(shí)記錄系統(tǒng)

更新時(shí)間：2024年04月27日 11:50:31 作者：一鍵難忘

編寫(xiě)一個(gè)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)需要多方面的知識(shí)和技能,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于如何使用python編寫(xiě)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的課時(shí)記錄系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)資料,文中通過(guò)代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì),對(duì)大家學(xué)習(xí)或者使用python具有一定的參考借鑒價(jià)值,需要的朋友可以參考下

前言

在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，跟蹤課時(shí)的進(jìn)度是非常重要的。為了方便記錄和管理課時(shí)信息，我們可以使用Python編寫(xiě)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的課時(shí)記錄系統(tǒng)。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)將允許用戶添加新的課程、記錄已完成的課時(shí)，以及查看已完成課時(shí)的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。

功能概述

添加新的課程
記錄已完成的課時(shí)
查看已完成課時(shí)的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息

實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟

步驟一：創(chuàng)建課程類

首先，我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)課程類來(lái)表示課程對(duì)象。每個(gè)課程將包含名稱和總課時(shí)數(shù)。

class Course:
    def __init__(self, name, total_hours):
        self.name = name
        self.total_hours = total_hours

步驟二：創(chuàng)建課時(shí)記錄系統(tǒng)類

然后，我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)課時(shí)記錄系統(tǒng)類，該類將管理課程列表和已完成的課時(shí)記錄。

class CourseTracker:
    def __init__(self):
        self.courses = []

    def add_course(self, course):
        self.courses.append(course)

    def record_hours(self, course_name, hours_completed):
        for course in self.courses:
            if course.name == course_name:
                course.total_hours -= hours_completed
                break

    def get_course_status(self, course_name):
        for course in self.courses:
            if course.name == course_name:
                return course.total_hours

步驟三：使用課時(shí)記錄系統(tǒng)

現(xiàn)在，我們可以使用我們創(chuàng)建的課時(shí)記錄系統(tǒng)來(lái)添加課程、記錄已完成的課時(shí)和查看課程狀態(tài)。

# 創(chuàng)建課時(shí)記錄系統(tǒng)對(duì)象
tracker = CourseTracker()

# 添加課程
tracker.add_course(Course("Python Programming", 20))
tracker.add_course(Course("Data Science", 30))

# 記錄已完成的課時(shí)
tracker.record_hours("Python Programming", 5)
tracker.record_hours("Data Science", 10)

# 查看課程狀態(tài)
print("Python Programming Course Hours Left:", tracker.get_course_status("Python Programming"))
print("Data Science Course Hours Left:", tracker.get_course_status("Data Science"))

實(shí)現(xiàn)進(jìn)階功能

1. 保存和加載課程數(shù)據(jù)

我們可以將課程數(shù)據(jù)保存到文件中，以便下次程序運(yùn)行時(shí)加載已保存的課程信息。

import pickle

class CourseTracker:
    def __init__(self):
        self.courses = []

    def add_course(self, course):
        self.courses.append(course)

    def record_hours(self, course_name, hours_completed):
        for course in self.courses:
            if course.name == course_name:
                course.total_hours -= hours_completed
                break

    def get_course_status(self, course_name):
        for course in self.courses:
            if course.name == course_name:
                return course.total_hours

    def save_data(self, filename):
        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
            pickle.dump(self.courses, f)

    def load_data(self, filename):
        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
            self.courses = pickle.load(f)

2. 用戶界面改進(jìn)

添加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的用戶界面，使用戶可以更直觀地與系統(tǒng)交互。

def main():
    tracker = CourseTracker()
    tracker.load_data("courses_data.pkl")  # 加載已保存的課程數(shù)據(jù)

    while True:
        print("\nWelcome to Course Tracker System")
        print("1. Add Course")
        print("2. Record Hours")
        print("3. View Course Status")
        print("4. Save and Exit")

        choice = input("Enter your choice: ")

        if choice == "1":
            name = input("Enter course name: ")
            hours = int(input("Enter total hours: "))
            tracker.add_course(Course(name, hours))
            print("Course added successfully!")

        elif choice == "2":
            name = input("Enter course name: ")
            hours_completed = int(input("Enter hours completed: "))
            tracker.record_hours(name, hours_completed)
            print("Hours recorded successfully!")

        elif choice == "3":
            name = input("Enter course name: ")
            hours_left = tracker.get_course_status(name)
            print(f"Hours left for {name}: {hours_left}")

        elif choice == "4":
            tracker.save_data("courses_data.pkl")  # 保存課程數(shù)據(jù)
            print("Data saved. Exiting...")
            break

        else:
            print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

3. 統(tǒng)計(jì)課程完成情況

添加一個(gè)功能，統(tǒng)計(jì)所有課程的完成情況，顯示已完成的課時(shí)數(shù)和剩余課時(shí)數(shù)。

class CourseTracker:
    def __init__(self):
        self.courses = []

    def add_course(self, course):
        self.courses.append(course)

    def record_hours(self, course_name, hours_completed):
        for course in self.courses:
            if course.name == course_name:
                course.total_hours -= hours_completed
                break

    def get_course_status(self, course_name):
        for course in self.courses:
            if course.name == course_name:
                return course.total_hours

    def save_data(self, filename):
        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
            pickle.dump(self.courses, f)

    def load_data(self, filename):
        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
            self.courses = pickle.load(f)

    def get_overall_status(self):
        print("Overall Course Status:")
        for course in self.courses:
            print(f"{course.name}: Completed {course.total_hours} hours, Remaining {course.total_hours} hours")

4. 添加異常處理

為了提高系統(tǒng)的健壯性，我們可以添加一些異常處理機(jī)制，處理用戶可能輸入的錯(cuò)誤信息。

def main():
    tracker = CourseTracker()
    try:
        tracker.load_data("courses_data.pkl")  # 加載已保存的課程數(shù)據(jù)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("No existing data found. Starting with an empty course list.")

    while True:
        print("\nWelcome to Course Tracker System")
        print("1. Add Course")
        print("2. Record Hours")
        print("3. View Course Status")
        print("4. View Overall Status")
        print("5. Save and Exit")

        choice = input("Enter your choice: ")

        if choice == "1":
            try:
                name = input("Enter course name: ")
                hours = int(input("Enter total hours: "))
                tracker.add_course(Course(name, hours))
                print("Course added successfully!")
            except ValueError:
                print("Invalid input! Please enter a valid number for total hours.")

        elif choice == "2":
            name = input("Enter course name: ")
            try:
                hours_completed = int(input("Enter hours completed: "))
                tracker.record_hours(name, hours_completed)
                print("Hours recorded successfully!")
            except ValueError:
                print("Invalid input! Please enter a valid number for hours completed.")

        elif choice == "3":
            name = input("Enter course name: ")
            hours_left = tracker.get_course_status(name)
            if hours_left is not None:
                print(f"Hours left for {name}: {hours_left}")
            else:
                print("Course not found!")

        elif choice == "4":
            tracker.get_overall_status()

        elif choice == "5":
            tracker.save_data("courses_data.pkl")  # 保存課程數(shù)據(jù)
            print("Data saved. Exiting...")
            break

        else:
            print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

5. 用戶友好的界面優(yōu)化

改進(jìn)用戶界面，使其更加友好和直觀。

def display_menu():
    print("\nWelcome to Course Tracker System")
    print("1. Add Course")
    print("2. Record Hours")
    print("3. View Course Status")
    print("4. View Overall Status")
    print("5. Save and Exit")

def main():
    tracker = CourseTracker()
    try:
        tracker.load_data("courses_data.pkl")  # 加載已保存的課程數(shù)據(jù)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("No existing data found. Starting with an empty course list.")

    while True:
        display_menu()
        choice = input("Enter your choice: ")

        if choice == "1":
            add_course_menu(tracker)
        elif choice == "2":
            record_hours_menu(tracker)
        elif choice == "3":
            view_course_status_menu(tracker)
        elif choice == "4":
            tracker.get_overall_status()
        elif choice == "5":
            tracker.save_data("courses_data.pkl")  # 保存課程數(shù)據(jù)
            print("Data saved. Exiting...")
            break
        else:
            print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")

def add_course_menu(tracker):
    print("\nAdd Course")
    name = input("Enter course name: ")
    while True:
        try:
            hours = int(input("Enter total hours: "))
            break
        except ValueError:
            print("Invalid input! Please enter a valid number for total hours.")
    tracker.add_course(Course(name, hours))
    print("Course added successfully!")

def record_hours_menu(tracker):
    print("\nRecord Hours")
    name = input("Enter course name: ")
    while True:
        try:
            hours_completed = int(input("Enter hours completed: "))
            break
        except ValueError:
            print("Invalid input! Please enter a valid number for hours completed.")
    tracker.record_hours(name, hours_completed)
    print("Hours recorded successfully!")

def view_course_status_menu(tracker):
    print("\nView Course Status")
    name = input("Enter course name: ")
    hours_left = tracker.get_course_status(name)
    if hours_left is not None:
        print(f"Hours left for {name}: {hours_left}")
    else:
        print("Course not found!")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

6. 添加刪除課程功能

允許用戶刪除已添加的課程。

class CourseTracker:
    # ... existing code ...

    def delete_course(self, course_name):
        for course in self.courses:
            if course.name == course_name:
                self.courses.remove(course)
                print(f"Course '{course_name}' deleted successfully!")
                break
        else:
            print("Course not found!")

def delete_course_menu(tracker):
    print("\nDelete Course")
    name = input("Enter course name to delete: ")
    tracker.delete_course(name)

7. 添加提醒功能

為了幫助用戶更好地管理學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度，我們可以添加一個(gè)提醒功能，當(dāng)課程的剩余課時(shí)少于設(shè)定閾值時(shí)，系統(tǒng)會(huì)提醒用戶。

class CourseTracker:
    # ... existing code ...

    def set_reminder_threshold(self, course_name, threshold):
        for course in self.courses:
            if course.name == course_name:
                course.reminder_threshold = threshold
                print(f"Reminder threshold set for '{course_name}'")
                break
        else:
            print("Course not found!")

    def check_reminder(self):
        for course in self.courses:
            if course.total_hours <= course.reminder_threshold:
                print(f"Reminder: '{course.name}' has {course.total_hours} hours remaining!")

def set_reminder_threshold_menu(tracker):
    print("\nSet Reminder Threshold")
    name = input("Enter course name: ")
    while True:
        try:
            threshold = int(input("Enter reminder threshold: "))
            break
        except ValueError:
            print("Invalid input! Please enter a valid number for the threshold.")
    tracker.set_reminder_threshold(name, threshold)

def main():
    tracker = CourseTracker()
    try:
        tracker.load_data("courses_data.pkl")  # 加載已保存的課程數(shù)據(jù)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("No existing data found. Starting with an empty course list.")

    while True:
        display_menu()
        choice = input("Enter your choice: ")

        if choice == "1":
            add_course_menu(tracker)
        elif choice == "2":
            record_hours_menu(tracker)
        elif choice == "3":
            view_course_status_menu(tracker)
        elif choice == "4":
            set_reminder_threshold_menu(tracker)
        elif choice == "5":
            tracker.get_overall_status()
        elif choice == "6":
            tracker.check_reminder()
        elif choice == "7":
            tracker.save_data("courses_data.pkl")  # 保存課程數(shù)據(jù)
            print("Data saved. Exiting...")
            break
        else:
            print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")

8. 多用戶支持

允許多個(gè)用戶使用系統(tǒng)，每個(gè)用戶有獨(dú)立的課程記錄。

class CourseTracker:
    def __init__(self):
        self.users = {}

    def add_user(self, username):
        if username not in self.users:
            self.users[username] = []

    def add_course(self, username, course):
        self.users[username].append(course)

    # ... other methods ...

def add_user_menu(tracker):
    print("\nAdd User")
    username = input("Enter username: ")
    tracker.add_user(username)
    print(f"User '{username}' added successfully!")

def add_course_menu(tracker):
    print("\nAdd Course")
    username = input("Enter username: ")
    if username not in tracker.users:
        print("User not found!")
        return
    name = input("Enter course name: ")
    while True:
        try:
            hours = int(input("Enter total hours: "))
            break
        except ValueError:
            print("Invalid input! Please enter a valid number for total hours.")
    tracker.add_course(username, Course(name, hours))
    print("Course added successfully!")

總結(jié)

在本文中，我們使用Python創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單而實(shí)用的課時(shí)記錄系統(tǒng)。通過(guò)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)，用戶可以輕松地管理課程進(jìn)度，記錄已完成的課時(shí)，并且可以方便地查看課程狀態(tài)和統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。我們從基本功能開(kāi)始，逐步添加了一些進(jìn)階功能，如保存和加載課程數(shù)據(jù)、統(tǒng)計(jì)課程完成情況、友好的用戶界面優(yōu)化以及提醒功能和多用戶支持等。這些功能的添加使得系統(tǒng)更加智能、靈活和實(shí)用，滿足了不同用戶的需求。

通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本文，讀者不僅可以掌握Python編程語(yǔ)言的基本語(yǔ)法和面向?qū)ο缶幊痰幕靖拍?，還可以了解如何設(shè)計(jì)和構(gòu)建一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單但功能強(qiáng)大的應(yīng)用程序。此外，讀者還可以從中學(xué)習(xí)到如何通過(guò)不斷改進(jìn)和拓展來(lái)完善一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，以及如何處理用戶可能遇到的各種情況和錯(cuò)誤。

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