# 使用字典來統(tǒng)計字符出現(xiàn)次數(shù)
text = "hello world"
char_count = {}
for char in text:
    if char in char_count:
        char_count[char] += 1
    else:
        char_count[char] = 1
print(char_count)

# 使用鏈表實現(xiàn)隊列
class Node:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value
        self.next = None

class Queue:
    def __init__(self):
        self.head = None
        self.tail = None

    def enqueue(self, value):
        new_node = Node(value)
        if not self.head:
            self.head = new_node
            self.tail = new_node
        else:
            self.tail.next = new_node
            self.tail = new_node

    def dequeue(self):
        if not self.head:
            return None
        value = self.head.value
        self.head = self.head.next
        return value

# 使用隊列
q = Queue()
q.enqueue(1)
q.enqueue(2)
q.enqueue(3)
print(q.dequeue())  # 輸出 1

# 使用生成器生成斐波那契數(shù)列
def fibonacci():
    a, b = 0, 1
    while True:
        yield a
        a, b = b, a + b

fib = fibonacci()
for _ in range(10):
    print(next(fib))

from collections import Counter

text = "hello world"
char_count = Counter(text)
print(char_count)

# 使用快速排序對列表進行排序
def quick_sort(arr):
    if len(arr) <= 1:
        return arr
    pivot = arr[len(arr) // 2]
    left = [x for x in arr if x < pivot]
    middle = [x for x in arr if x == pivot]
    right = [x for x in arr if x > pivot]
    return quick_sort(left) + middle + quick_sort(right)

arr = [3, 6, 8, 10, 1, 2, 1]
print(quick_sort(arr))

# 使用列表推導式創(chuàng)建新列表
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squared_numbers = [x**2 for x in numbers]
print(squared_numbers)

# 使用生成器表達式創(chuàng)建生成器
even_numbers = (x for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0)
for num in even_numbers:
    print(num)

from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def fib(n):
    if n < 2:
        return n
    return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)

print(fib(10))

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

def square(n):
    return n**2

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
    results = executor.map(square, numbers)
    print(list(results))

import asyncio

async def fetch_data(url):
    # 模擬異步IO操作
    await asyncio.sleep(1)
    return f"Data from {url}"

async def main():
    urls = ["url1", "url2", "url3"]
    tasks = [fetch_data(url) for url in urls]
    results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
    print(results)

asyncio.run(main())

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

# 使用NumPy進行數(shù)組操作
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(arr.mean())  # 計算平均值

# 使用Pandas進行數(shù)據(jù)分析
data = {'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'],
        'Age': [25, 30, 35],
        'Salary': [50000, 60000, 70000]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df.describe())  # 統(tǒng)計描述

import networkx as nx

# 創(chuàng)建一個簡單的圖形
G = nx.Graph()
G.add_edge('A', 'B')
G.add_edge('B', 'C')
G.add_edge('C', 'D')
print(nx.shortest_path(G, 'A', 'D'))  # 輸出最短路徑

# 使用生成器計算斐波那契數(shù)列
def fibonacci():
    a, b = 0, 1
    while True:
        yield a
        a, b = b, a + b

fib = fibonacci()
for _ in range(1000000):
    next(fib)