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Python爬蟲使用實(shí)例wallpaper問題記錄

 更新時(shí)間：2024年09月11日 15:50:05   作者：鏡花照無眠  
本文介紹解決中文亂碼的方法,以及Python爬蟲處理數(shù)據(jù)、圖片URL的技巧,包括使用正則表達(dá)式處理字符串、URL替換等,還涉及單線程與多線程的應(yīng)用場景,如電腦壁紙和手機(jī)壁紙爬取,適合進(jìn)行Web數(shù)據(jù)抓取和處理的開發(fā)者參考

1/ 排雷避坑

?? 中文亂碼問題

print(requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).text)

出現(xiàn)中文亂碼

原因分析：

<meta charset="gbk" />

解決方法：
法一：

response = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)
response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding # 自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)碼, 防止中文亂碼
print(response.text)

法二：

print(requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).content.decode('gbk'))

2/ 數(shù)據(jù)來源

css解析

for li in lis:
    href = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
    title = li.css('b::text').get()
    print(href, title)

刪掉標(biāo)題為空的那一張圖

獲取圖片url

有的網(wǎng)站，保存的數(shù)據(jù)是裂開的圖片，可能是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)參數(shù)：

3/ 正則處理

處理圖片url和標(biāo)題的時(shí)候用了re模塊

電腦壁紙
通過匹配非數(shù)字字符并在遇到數(shù)字時(shí)截?cái)嘧址?/p> 

title1 = selector1.css('.photo .photo-pic img::attr(title)').get()
modified_title = re.split(r'\d', title1, 1)[0].strip()

re.split(r'\d', title, 1)將 title 字符串按第一個(gè)數(shù)字進(jìn)行分割。返回的列表的第一個(gè)元素就是數(shù)字前面的部分。strip() 去掉字符串首尾的空白字符。

url圖片路徑替換，因?yàn)閺狞c(diǎn)開圖片到達(dá)的那個(gè)頁面無法得到的圖片路徑還是html頁面，不是https://····.jpg，所以替換成另一個(gè)可以獲取到的頁面。

https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_{num1}_{num2}.html

正則替換修改為

https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_{num1}.html

例如 https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html 轉(zhuǎn)換為 https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901.html .

# https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html
url = "https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html"
pattern = r'https://sj\.zol\.com\.cn/bizhi/detail_(\d+)_\d+\.html'
replacement = r'https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_\1.html'
new_url = re.sub(pattern, replacement, url)
print(url,new_url)

4/ 電腦壁紙

?? 單線程單頁

適用于當(dāng)頁面和第一頁

# python單線程爬取高清4k壁紙圖片
import os
import re
import requests
import parsel
url = 'https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/' # 請求地址
# 模擬偽裝
headers = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.139 Safari/537.36'}
# response = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)
# response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding # 自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)碼, 防止中文亂碼
# print(response.text)
html_data = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).content.decode('gbk')
# print(html_data)
selector = parsel.Selector(html_data)
lis = selector.css('.slist li')
for li in lis:
    #href = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
    title = li.css('b::text').get()
    if title:
         + li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
        response = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers)
        #print(href, title)
        # 這里只是獲取頁面
        # img_content = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content
        # 不可行, 都是同一張圖 https://pic.netbian.com/uploads/allimg/230813/221347-16919360273e05.jpg
         + li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
        response1 = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content.decode('gbk')
        selector1 = parsel.Selector(response1)
        # 若要標(biāo)題亂碼，此處可不解碼
        # response1 = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers)
        # selector1 = parsel.Selector(response1.text)
        # img_url = selector1.css('.slist li img::attr(src)').get()
        # 這一步錯(cuò)了, 要去href頁面找img_url, 這是在原來的url頁面找了
        img_url = 'https://pic.netbian.com' + selector1.css('.photo .photo-pic img::attr(src)').get()
        img_content = requests.get(url=img_url,headers=headers).content
        # 順便更新一下title, 因?yàn)樵瓉淼氖前虢氐? 不全
        title1 = selector1.css('.photo .photo-pic img::attr(title)').get()
        modified_title = re.split(r'\d', title1, 1)[0].strip()
        with open('img\\'+modified_title+'.jpg',mode='wb') as f:
            f.write(img_content)
            #print(href, title)
            print('正在保存：', modified_title, img_url)

?? 單線程多page

適用于從第二頁開始的多頁

# python單線程爬取高清4k壁紙圖片
import os
import re
import time
import requests
import parsel
# url的規(guī)律
# https://pic.netbian.com/new/index.html
# https://pic.netbian.com/new/index_1.html
# https://pic.netbian.com/new/index_2.html
# ...
start_time = time.time()
for page in range(2,10):
    print(f'--------- 正在爬取第{page}的內(nèi)容 ----------')
    url = f'https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/index_{page}.html'  # 請求地址
    # 模擬偽裝
    headers = {
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.139 Safari/537.36'}
    # response = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)
    # response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding # 自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)碼, 防止中文亂碼
    # print(response.text)
    html_data = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).content.decode('gbk')
    # print(html_data)
    selector = parsel.Selector(html_data)
    lis = selector.css('.slist li')
    for li in lis:
        # href = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
        title = li.css('b::text').get()
        if title:
             + li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
            response = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers)
            # print(href, title)
            # 這里只是獲取頁面
            # img_content = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content
            # 不可行, 都是同一張圖 https://pic.netbian.com/uploads/allimg/230813/221347-16919360273e05.jpg
             + li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
            response1 = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content.decode('gbk')
            selector1 = parsel.Selector(response1)
            # 若要標(biāo)題亂碼，此處可不解碼
            # response1 = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers)
            # selector1 = parsel.Selector(response1.text)
            # img_url = selector1.css('.slist li img::attr(src)').get()
            # 這一步錯(cuò)了, 要去href頁面找img_url, 這是在原來的url頁面找了
            img_url = 'https://pic.netbian.com' + selector1.css('.photo .photo-pic img::attr(src)').get()
            img_content = requests.get(url=img_url, headers=headers).content
            # 順便更新一下title, 因?yàn)樵瓉淼氖前虢氐? 不全
            title1 = selector1.css('.photo .photo-pic img::attr(title)').get()
            modified_title = re.split(r'\d', title1, 1)[0].strip()
            with open('img\\' + modified_title + '.jpg', mode='wb') as f:
                f.write(img_content)
                # print(href, title)
                print('正在保存：', modified_title, img_url)
stop_time = time.time()
print(f'耗時(shí)：{int(stop_time)-int(start_time)}秒')

運(yùn)行效果：

?? 多線程多頁

# python多線程爬取高清4k壁紙圖片
import os
import re
import time
import requests
import parsel
import concurrent.futures
def get_img(url):
    # 模擬偽裝
    headers = {
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.139 Safari/537.36'}
    # response = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)
    # response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding # 自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)碼, 防止中文亂碼
    # print(response.text)
    html_data = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers).content.decode('gbk')
    # print(html_data)
    selector = parsel.Selector(html_data)
    lis = selector.css('.slist li')
    for li in lis:
        # href = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
        title = li.css('b::text').get()
        if title:
             + li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
            response = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers)
            # print(href, title)
            # 這里只是獲取頁面
            # img_content = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content
            # 不可行, 都是同一張圖 https://pic.netbian.com/uploads/allimg/230813/221347-16919360273e05.jpg
             + li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
            response1 = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content.decode('gbk')
            selector1 = parsel.Selector(response1)
            # 若要標(biāo)題亂碼，此處可不解碼
            # response1 = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers)
            # selector1 = parsel.Selector(response1.text)
            # img_url = selector1.css('.slist li img::attr(src)').get()
            # 這一步錯(cuò)了, 要去href頁面找img_url, 這是在原來的url頁面找了
            img_url = 'https://pic.netbian.com' + selector1.css('.photo .photo-pic img::attr(src)').get()
            img_content = requests.get(url=img_url, headers=headers).content
            # 順便更新一下title, 因?yàn)樵瓉淼氖前虢氐? 不全
            title1 = selector1.css('.photo .photo-pic img::attr(title)').get()
            modified_title = re.split(r'\d', title1, 1)[0].strip()
            img_folder = 'img1\\'
            if not os.path.exists(img_folder):
                os.makedirs(img_folder)
            with open(img_folder + modified_title + '.jpg', mode='wb') as f:
                f.write(img_content)
                # print(href, title)
                print('正在保存：', modified_title, img_url)
def main(url):
    get_img(url)
start_time = time.time()
executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5)
for page in range(2, 12):
    print(f'--------- 正在爬取第{page}的內(nèi)容 ----------')
    url = f'https://pic.netbian.com/4kmeinv/index_{page}.html'  # 請求地址
    executor.submit(main, url)
executor.shutdown()
stop_time = time.time()
print(f'耗時(shí)：{int(stop_time) - int(start_time)}秒')

5/ 手機(jī)壁紙

類似地，另一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，圖片集合多頁，點(diǎn)開之后里面有多張圖片
先試圖獲取外部的，再獲取里面的，然后2個(gè)一起

?? 單線程單頁0

import os
import re
import requests
import parsel
url = 'https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/5/' # 請求地址
# 模擬偽裝
headers = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.139 Safari/537.36'}
# response = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)
# response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding # 自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)碼, 防止中文亂碼
# print(response.text)
response = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)
#print(response.text)
selector = parsel.Selector(response.text)
lis = selector.css('.pic-list2 li')
#img_name=1
for li in lis:
    #href = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
    title = li.css('.pic img::attr(title)').get()
    #href = li.css('.pic img::attr(src)').get()
    #print(title, href)
    if title:
        # +li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
        # https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html
        # https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html#p1
        # + li.css('a::attr(href)').get() + '#p1'
        href=li.css('img::attr(src)').get()
        #print(href, title)
        # + li.css('a::attr(href)').get() + '#p1'
        #response1 = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content.decode('utf-8')
        #selector1 = parsel.Selector(response1)
        #img_url=selector1.css('.gallery li img::attr(src)').get()
        #print(img_url)
        # 這里只是獲取頁面
        img_content = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content
        # 不可行, 都是同一張圖 https://pic.netbian.com/uploads/allimg/230813/221347-16919360273e05.jpg
        # https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html
        # https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html#p1
        #href= selector1.css('.photo-list-box li::attr(href)').get()
        # +  + '#p1'
        #response2 = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers)
        #selector2 = parsel.Selector(response2.text)
        #print(href)
        # 若要標(biāo)題亂碼，此處可不解碼
        # response1 = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers)
        # selector1 = parsel.Selector(response1.text)
        # img_url = selector1.css('.slist li img::attr(src)').get()
        # 這一步錯(cuò)了, 要去href頁面找img_url, 這是在原來的url頁面找了
        #img_url = selector1.css('.gallery img::attr(src)').get()
        #img_content = requests.get(url=img_url, headers=headers).content
        #print(img_url)
        # 順便更新一下title, 因?yàn)樵瓉淼氖前虢氐? 不全
        # title1 = selector1.css('.photo .photo-pic img::attr(title)').get()
        img_folder = 'img3\\'
        if not os.path.exists(img_folder):
            os.makedirs(img_folder)
        with open(img_folder + title + '.jpg', mode='wb') as f:
            f.write(img_content)
            # print(href, title)
            print('正在保存：', title, href)
        #img_name += 1

?? 單線程單頁1

# 下載子頁面全部
import os
import requests
import parsel
url = 'https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901.html' # 請求地址
# 模擬偽裝
headers = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.139 Safari/537.36'}
response = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)
selector = parsel.Selector(response.text)
lis = selector.css('.album-list li')
i = 0
for li in lis:
    # Get all img elements within the current li
    img_tags = li.css('img::attr(src)').getall()  # This gets all the img src attributes
    for href in img_tags:  # Iterate over all img src attributes
        img_content = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content
        img_folder = 'img4\\'
        if not os.path.exists(img_folder):
            os.makedirs(img_folder)
        with open(img_folder + str(i) + '.jpg', mode='wb') as f:
            f.write(img_content)
            # print(href, i)
            print('正在保存：', i, href)
        i += 1  # Increment i for each image saved

?? 單線程單頁

import os
import re
import requests
import parsel
url = 'https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/5/' # 請求地址
# 模擬偽裝
headers = {'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.139 Safari/537.36'}
response = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)
#print(response.text)
selector = parsel.Selector(response.text)
#lis = selector.css('.pic-list2 li')
# 篩除包含的底部 3個(gè) 猜你喜歡
lis=selector.css('.pic-list2 .photo-list-padding')
for li in lis:
    #href = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
    title = li.css('.pic img::attr(title)').get()
    href = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
    #print(title, href)
    # https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html
    #url = "https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html"
    pattern = r'/bizhi/detail_(\d+)_\d+\.html'
    replacement = r'https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_\1.html'
    new_url = re.sub(pattern, replacement, href)
    #print(href, new_url)
    #url = 'https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901.html'  # 請求地址
    # 模擬偽裝
    headers = {
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.139 Safari/537.36'}
    response = requests.get(url=new_url, headers=headers)
    selector = parsel.Selector(response.text)
    lis1 = selector.css('.album-list li')
    i = 0
    for li1 in lis1:
        # Get all img elements within the current li
        img_tags = li1.css('img::attr(src)').getall()  # This gets all the img src attributes
        for href in img_tags:  # Iterate over all img src attributes
            img_content = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content
            img_folder = 'img5\\'
            if not os.path.exists(img_folder):
                os.makedirs(img_folder)
            with open(img_folder + title+'_'+str(i) + '.jpg', mode='wb') as f:
                f.write(img_content)
                # print(href, i)
                print('正在保存：',title+'_'+str(i), href)
            i += 1  # Increment i for each image saved

?? 單線程多頁

import os
import re
import requests
import parsel
for page in range(1,3):
    print(f'--------- 正在爬取第{page}的內(nèi)容 ----------')
    if page==1:
        url = 'https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/5/'  # 請求地址
    else:
        url = f'https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/5/{page}.html'  # 請求地址
    # 模擬偽裝
    headers = {
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.139 Safari/537.36'}
    response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
    # print(response.text)
    selector = parsel.Selector(response.text)
    # lis = selector.css('.pic-list2 li')
    # 篩除包含的底部 3個(gè) 猜你喜歡
    lis = selector.css('.pic-list2 .photo-list-padding')
    for li in lis:
        # href = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
        title = li.css('.pic img::attr(title)').get()
        href = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
        # print(title, href)
        # https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html
        # url = "https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html"
        pattern = r'/bizhi/detail_(\d+)_\d+\.html'
        replacement = r'https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_\1.html'
        new_url = re.sub(pattern, replacement, href)
        # print(href, new_url)
        # url = 'https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901.html'  # 請求地址
        # 模擬偽裝
        headers = {
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.139 Safari/537.36'}
        response = requests.get(url=new_url, headers=headers)
        selector = parsel.Selector(response.text)
        lis1 = selector.css('.album-list li')
        i = 0
        for li1 in lis1:
            # Get all img elements within the current li
            img_tags = li1.css('img::attr(src)').getall()  # This gets all the img src attributes
            for href in img_tags:  # Iterate over all img src attributes
                img_content = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content
                img_folder = 'img6\\'
                if not os.path.exists(img_folder):
                    os.makedirs(img_folder)
                with open(img_folder + title + '_' + str(i) + '.jpg', mode='wb') as f:
                    f.write(img_content)
                    # print(href, i)
                    print('正在保存：', title + '_' + str(i), href)
                i += 1  # Increment i for each image saved

?? 多線程多頁

import os
import re
import time
import requests
import parsel
import concurrent.futures
def get_imgs(url):
    # 模擬偽裝
    headers = {
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.139 Safari/537.36'}
    response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
    # print(response.text)
    selector = parsel.Selector(response.text)
    # lis = selector.css('.pic-list2 li')
    # 篩除包含的底部 3個(gè) 猜你喜歡
    lis = selector.css('.pic-list2 .photo-list-padding')
    for li in lis:
        # href = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
        title = li.css('.pic img::attr(title)').get()
        href = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()
        # print(title, href)
        # https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html
        # url = "https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901_139948.html"
        pattern = r'/bizhi/detail_(\d+)_\d+\.html'
        replacement = r'https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_\1.html'
        new_url = re.sub(pattern, replacement, href)
        # print(href, new_url)
        # url = 'https://app.zol.com.cn/bizhi/detail_12901.html'  # 請求地址
        # 模擬偽裝
        headers = {
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.139 Safari/537.36'}
        response = requests.get(url=new_url, headers=headers)
        selector = parsel.Selector(response.text)
        lis1 = selector.css('.album-list li')
        i = 0
        for li1 in lis1:
            # Get all img elements within the current li
            img_tags = li1.css('img::attr(src)').getall()  # This gets all the img src attributes
            for href in img_tags:  # Iterate over all img src attributes
                img_content = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers).content
                img_folder = 'img7\\'
                if not os.path.exists(img_folder):
                    os.makedirs(img_folder)
                with open(img_folder + title + '_' + str(i) + '.jpg', mode='wb') as f:
                    f.write(img_content)
                    # print(href, i)
                    print('正在保存：', title + '_' + str(i), href)
                i += 1  # Increment i for each image saved
def main(url):
    get_imgs(url)
start_time = time.time()
executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4)
for page in range(1, 9):
    #print(f'--------- 正在爬取第{page}的內(nèi)容 ----------')
    if page == 1:
        url = 'https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/5/'  # 請求地址
    else:
        url = f'https://sj.zol.com.cn/bizhi/5/{page}.html'  # 請求地址
    executor.submit(main, url)
executor.shutdown()
stop_time = time.time()
print(f'耗時(shí)：{int(stop_time) - int(start_time)}秒')

到此這篇關(guān)于Python爬蟲使用實(shí)例-wallpaper的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Python wallpaper內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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