PyWebIO使用初體驗之用Python寫網(wǎng)頁
前言
前兩天正在逛 Github,偶然看到一個很有意思的項目:PyWebIo。
這是一個 Python 第三方庫,可以只用 Python 語言寫出一個網(wǎng)頁,而且支持 Flask,Django,Tornado 等 web 框架。
甚至,它可以支持數(shù)據(jù)可視化圖表的繪制,還提供了一行函數(shù)渲染 Markdown 文本。
那么話不多說,正片開始——
1 使用方法
1.1 安裝 Pywebio
打開 CMD,在里面輸入以下代碼:
pip install pywebio
如果速度太慢,建議使用國內(nèi)鏡像:
pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pywebio
1.2 輸出內(nèi)容
put_text()
輸出文字put_table()
輸出表格put_markdown()
輸出 markdown 內(nèi)容put_file()
輸出文件下載鏈接put_image()
輸出圖片put_button()
輸出按鈕
請看示例程序:
from pywebio.output import * def main(): # 文本輸出 put_text("Hello world!") # 表格輸出 put_table([ ['商品', '價格'], ['蘋果', '5.5'], ['香蕉', '7'], ]) # Markdown輸出 put_markdown('~~刪除線~~') # 文件輸出 put_file('hello_word.txt', b'hello word!') if __name__ == '__main__': main()
1.3 輸入內(nèi)容
input()
和 python 一樣的函數(shù)欸
from pywebio.input import * def main(): name = input("請輸入你的名字:") if __name__ == '__main__': main()
2 示例程序
這些都是官方給出的實例,代碼都不到 100 行!
2.1 BMI 計算器
from pywebio.input import input, FLOAT from pywebio.output import put_text def bmi(): height = input("Your Height(cm):", type=FLOAT) weight = input("Your Weight(kg):", type=FLOAT) BMI = weight / (height / 100) ** 2 top_status = [(14.9, 'Severely underweight'), (18.4, 'Underweight'), (22.9, 'Normal'), (27.5, 'Overweight'), (40.0, 'Moderately obese'), (float('inf'), 'Severely obese')] for top, status in top_status: if BMI <= top: put_text('Your BMI: %.1f, category: %s' % (BMI, status)) break if __name__ == '__main__': bmi()
2.2 Markdown 編輯器
from pywebio import start_server from pywebio.output import * from pywebio.pin import * from pywebio.session import set_env, download def main(): """Markdown Previewer""" set_env(output_animation=False) put_markdown("""# Markdown Live Preview The online markdown editor with live preview. The source code of this application is [here](https://github.com/wang0618/PyWebIO/blob/dev/demos/markdown_previewer.py). ## Write your Markdown """) put_textarea('md_text', rows=18, code={'mode': 'markdown'}) put_buttons(['Download content'], lambda _: download('saved.md', pin.md_text.encode('utf8')), small=True) put_markdown('## Preview') while True: change_detail = pin_wait_change('md_text') with use_scope('md', clear=True): put_markdown(change_detail['value'], sanitize=False) if __name__ == '__main__': start_server(main, port=8080, debug=True)
2.3 聊天室
import asyncio from pywebio import start_server from pywebio.input import * from pywebio.output import * from pywebio.session import defer_call, info as session_info, run_async MAX_MESSAGES_CNT = 10 ** 4 chat_msgs = [] # The chat message history. The item is (name, message content) online_users = set() def t(eng, chinese): """return English or Chinese text according to the user's browser language""" return chinese if 'zh' in session_info.user_language else eng async def refresh_msg(my_name): """send new message to current session""" global chat_msgs last_idx = len(chat_msgs) while True: await asyncio.sleep(0.5) for m in chat_msgs[last_idx:]: if m[0] != my_name: # only refresh message that not sent by current user put_markdown('`%s`: %s' % m, sanitize=True, scope='msg-box') # remove expired message if len(chat_msgs) > MAX_MESSAGES_CNT: chat_msgs = chat_msgs[len(chat_msgs) // 2:] last_idx = len(chat_msgs) async def main(): """PyWebIO chat room You can chat with everyone currently online. """ global chat_msgs put_markdown(t("## PyWebIO chat room\nWelcome to the chat room, you can chat with all the people currently online. You can open this page in multiple tabs of your browser to simulate a multi-user environment. This application uses less than 90 lines of code, the source code is [here](https://github.com/wang0618/PyWebIO/blob/dev/demos/chat_room.py)", "## PyWebIO聊天室\n歡迎來到聊天室,你可以和當前所有在線的人聊天。你可以在瀏覽器的多個標簽頁中打開本頁面來測試聊天效果。本應用使用不到90行代碼實現(xiàn),源代碼[鏈接](https://github.com/wang0618/PyWebIO/blob/dev/demos/chat_room.py)")) put_scrollable(put_scope('msg-box'), height=300, keep_bottom=True) nickname = await input(t("Your nickname", "請輸入你的昵稱"), required=True, validate=lambda n: t('This name is already been used', '昵稱已被使用') if n in online_users or n == '??' else None) online_users.add(nickname) chat_msgs.append(('??', '`%s` joins the room. %s users currently online' % (nickname, len(online_users)))) put_markdown('`??`: `%s` join the room. %s users currently online' % (nickname, len(online_users)), sanitize=True, scope='msg-box') @defer_call def on_close(): online_users.remove(nickname) chat_msgs.append(('??', '`%s` leaves the room. %s users currently online' % (nickname, len(online_users)))) refresh_task = run_async(refresh_msg(nickname)) while True: data = await input_group(t('Send message', '發(fā)送消息'), [ input(name='msg', help_text=t('Message content supports inline Markdown syntax', '消息內(nèi)容支持行內(nèi)Markdown語法')), actions(name='cmd', buttons=[t('Send', '發(fā)送'), t('Multiline Input', '多行輸入'), {'label': t('Exit', '退出'), 'type': 'cancel'}]) ], validate=lambda d: ('msg', 'Message content cannot be empty') if d['cmd'] == t('Send', '發(fā)送') and not d['msg'] else None) if data is None: break if data['cmd'] == t('Multiline Input', '多行輸入'): data['msg'] = '\n' + await textarea('Message content', help_text=t('Message content supports Markdown syntax', '消息內(nèi)容支持Markdown語法')) put_markdown('`%s`: %s' % (nickname, data['msg']), sanitize=True, scope='msg-box') chat_msgs.append((nickname, data['msg'])) refresh_task.close() toast("You have left the chat room") if __name__ == '__main__': start_server(main, debug=True)
2.4 五子棋
import time from pywebio import session, start_server from pywebio.output import * goboard_size = 15 # -1 -> none, 0 -> black, 1 -> white goboard = [ [-1] * goboard_size for _ in range(goboard_size) ] def winner(): # return winner piece, return None if no winner for x in range(2, goboard_size - 2): for y in range(2, goboard_size - 2): # check if (x,y) is the win center if goboard[x][y] != -1 and any([ all(goboard[x][y] == goboard[m][n] for m, n in [(x - 2, y), (x - 1, y), (x + 1, y), (x + 2, y)]), all(goboard[x][y] == goboard[m][n] for m, n in [(x, y - 2), (x, y - 1), (x, y + 1), (x, y + 2)]), all(goboard[x][y] == goboard[m][n] for m, n in [(x - 2, y - 2), (x - 1, y - 1), (x + 1, y + 1), (x + 2, y + 2)]), all(goboard[x][y] == goboard[m][n] for m, n in [(x - 2, y + 2), (x - 1, y + 1), (x + 1, y - 1), (x + 2, y - 2)]), ]): return ['?', '?'][goboard[x][y]] session_id = 0 # auto incremented id for each session current_turn = 0 # 0 for black, 1 for white player_count = [0, 0] # count of player for two roles def main(): """Online Shared Gomoku Game A web based Gomoku (AKA GoBang, Five in a Row) game made with PyWebIO under 100 lines of Python code.""" global session_id, current_turn, goboard if winner(): # The current game is over, reset game goboard = [[-1] * goboard_size for _ in range(goboard_size)] current_turn = 0 my_turn = session_id % 2 my_chess = ['?', '?'][my_turn] session_id += 1 player_count[my_turn] += 1 @session.defer_call def player_exit(): player_count[my_turn] -= 1 session.set_env(output_animation=False) put_html("""<style> table th, table td { padding: 0px !important;} button {padding: .75rem!important; margin:0!important} </style>""") # Custom styles to make the board more beautiful put_markdown(f"""# Online Shared Gomoku Game All online players are assigned to two groups (black and white) and share this game. You can open this page in multiple tabs of your browser to simulate multiple users. This application uses less than 100 lines of code, the source code is [here](https://github.com/wang0618/PyWebIO/blob/dev/demos/gomoku_game.py) Currently online player: {player_count[0]} for ?, {player_count[1]} for ?. Your role is {my_chess}. """) def set_stone(pos): global current_turn if current_turn != my_turn: toast("It's not your turn!!", color='error') return x, y = pos goboard[x][y] = my_turn current_turn = (current_turn + 1) % 2 @use_scope('goboard', clear=True) def show_goboard(): table = [ [ put_buttons([dict(label=' ', value=(x, y), color='light')], onclick=set_stone) if cell == -1 else [' ?', ' ?'][cell] for y, cell in enumerate(row) ] for x, row in enumerate(goboard) ] put_table(table) show_goboard() while not winner(): with use_scope('msg', clear=True): current_turn_copy = current_turn if current_turn_copy == my_turn: put_text("It's your turn!") else: put_row([put_text("Your opponent's turn, waiting... "), put_loading().style('width:1.5em; height:1.5em')], size='auto 1fr') while current_turn == current_turn_copy and not session.get_current_session().closed(): # wait for next move time.sleep(0.2) show_goboard() with use_scope('msg', clear=True): put_text('Game over. The winner is %s!\nRefresh page to start a new round.' % winner()) if __name__ == '__main__': start_server(main, debug=True, port=8080)
稍微試了試這個第三方庫,感覺功能十分的強大。
不只是上面的項目,它還有不同風格,能繪制不同圖表,集成web框架。
有了這個庫,我們就可以輕松地將 Python 程序展示在網(wǎng)頁上,也就是實現(xiàn)使用 Python 開發(fā)前端!
總結(jié)
到此這篇關(guān)于PyWebIO使用初體驗之用Python寫網(wǎng)頁的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)PyWebIO Python寫網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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