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python開發(fā)框架django/flask/fastapi對比分析

更新時間：2025年06月19日 16:28:05 作者：研創(chuàng)通之逍遙峰

這篇文章主要介紹了python開發(fā)框架django/flask/fastapi的使用對比,具有很好的參考價值,希望對大家有所幫助,如有錯誤或未考慮完全的地方,望不吝賜教

1. 框架概覽對比

特性	Django	Flask	FastAPI
類型	全功能框架	微框架	現(xiàn)代異步框架
學(xué)習(xí)曲線	較陡峭	平緩	中等
內(nèi)置功能	ORM, Admin, Auth, 模板	僅基礎(chǔ)路由和模板	自動文檔, 數(shù)據(jù)驗證
性能	中等	中等	高性能(基于Starlette)
異步支持	3.0+ 支持	不支持	原生支持
適用場景	內(nèi)容管理系統(tǒng), 企業(yè)應(yīng)用	小型應(yīng)用, 微服務(wù)	API 服務(wù), 實時應(yīng)用
數(shù)據(jù)驗證	表單系統(tǒng)	需擴展	內(nèi)置(Pydantic)
自動文檔	需第三方	需第三方	內(nèi)置(OpenAPI/Swagger)

2. 各框架示例

2.1 Django 示例

安裝:

pip install django

基礎(chǔ)項目結(jié)構(gòu):

myproject/
    manage.py
    myproject/
        __init__.py
        settings.py
        urls.py
        wsgi.py
    myapp/
        models.py
        views.py
        urls.py

示例代碼:

# myapp/views.py
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from .models import Book

@csrf_exempt
def book_list(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        books = Book.objects.all()
        data = [{'title': book.title, 'author': book.author} for book in books]
        return JsonResponse(data, safe=False)
    
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        title = request.POST.get('title')
        author = request.POST.get('author')
        book = Book.objects.create(title=title, author=author)
        return JsonResponse({'id': book.id}, status=201)

# myapp/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('books/', views.book_list),
]

# myproject/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/', include('myapp.urls')),
]

2.2 Flask 示例

安裝:

pip install flask

基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用:

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify

app = Flask(__name__)

books = [
    {"id": 1, "title": "Python編程", "author": "John Doe"},
    {"id": 2, "title": "Flask Web開發(fā)", "author": "Jane Smith"}
]

@app.route('/books', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def handle_books():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return jsonify(books)
    
    if request.method == 'POST':
        new_book = request.json
        new_book['id'] = len(books) + 1
        books.append(new_book)
        return jsonify(new_book), 201

@app.route('/books/<int:book_id>', methods=['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
def handle_book(book_id):
    book = next((b for b in books if b['id'] == book_id), None)
    
    if not book:
        return jsonify({"error": "Book not found"}), 404
    
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return jsonify(book)
    
    if request.method == 'PUT':
        data = request.json
        book.update(data)
        return jsonify(book)
    
    if request.method == 'DELETE':
        books.remove(book)
        return '', 204

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

2.3 FastAPI 示例

安裝:

pip install fastapi uvicorn

基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用:

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing import List

app = FastAPI()

class Book(BaseModel):
    title: str
    author: str

books_db = [
    {"id": 1, "title": "Python編程", "author": "John Doe"},
    {"id": 2, "title": "FastAPI開發(fā)", "author": "Jane Smith"}
]

@app.get("/books", response_model=List[Book])
async def read_books():
    return books_db

@app.post("/books", response_model=Book, status_code=201)
async def create_book(book: Book):
    new_book = book.dict()
    new_book["id"] = len(books_db) + 1
    books_db.append(new_book)
    return new_book

@app.get("/books/{book_id}", response_model=Book)
async def read_book(book_id: int):
    book = next((b for b in books_db if b["id"] == book_id), None)
    if not book:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Book not found")
    return book

# 自動文檔訪問:
# - Swagger UI: http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs
# - ReDoc: http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc