# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# 將字符串編碼為字節(jié)
text = "中文內(nèi)容"
encoded = text.encode('utf-8')  # 輸出: b'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe6\x96\x87\xe5\x86\x85\xe5\xae\xb9'

# 將字節(jié)解碼為字符串
decoded = encoded.decode('utf-8')  # 輸出: '中文內(nèi)容'

# 寫(xiě)入文件（使用UTF-8編碼）
with open('file.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write("這是中文內(nèi)容")

# 讀取文件（使用UTF-8編碼）
with open('file.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    content = f.read()
    print(content)  # 正確顯示: 這是中文內(nèi)容

import requests

response = requests.get('https://example.com/chinese-page')
# 自動(dòng)根據(jù)響應(yīng)頭確定編碼
response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding  
print(response.text)  # 正確顯示中文

import sys, io

# 對(duì)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出
sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding='utf-8')

# 對(duì)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)錯(cuò)誤
sys.stderr = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stderr.buffer, encoding='utf-8')

# Python 2中必須添加文件編碼聲明
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# 使用unicode字符串前綴
text = u"中文內(nèi)容"

# 解碼字節(jié)字符串
byte_data = "中文內(nèi)容".decode('utf-8')

# 編碼為字節(jié)字符串
utf8_data = u"中文內(nèi)容".encode('utf-8')

import chardet

# 檢測(cè)字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)的編碼
raw_data = b'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe6\x96\x87'
result = chardet.detect(raw_data)
encoding = result['encoding']  # 輸出: 'utf-8'

text = raw_data.decode(encoding)
print(text)  # 輸出: 中文

# 忽略無(wú)法解碼的字符
text = b'mixed \xe4\xb8\xad encoding'.decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')

# 替換無(wú)法解碼的字符
text = b'mixed \xe4\xb8\xad encoding'.decode('utf-8', errors='replace')

import pymysql

connection = pymysql.connect(
    host='localhost',
    user='user',
    password='password',
    db='database',
    charset='utf8mb4',  # 支持4字節(jié)的UTF-8編碼
    cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor
)