華為HCIA認證R&S路由與交換綜合實驗案例詳解
發(fā)布時間:2020-06-01 15:02:48 作者:壞壞-5
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這篇文章主要介紹了華為HCIA認證R&S路由與交換綜合實驗,結(jié)合具體實驗案例形式詳細分析了華為HCIA認證路由與交換子網(wǎng)劃分、路由配置相關(guān)原理、操作技巧與配置命令,需要的朋友可以參考下
本文講述了華為HCIA認證R&S路由與交換綜合實驗。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:
文章目錄
HCIA-R&S綜合實驗一
如下拓撲圖:
實驗要求:
- 內(nèi)部所有網(wǎng)段從192.168.0.0/24中劃分,運營商分配202.102.24.96/30
和120.202.249.192/30兩個網(wǎng)段給邊界路由器; - 內(nèi)部客戶端A屬于VLAN 10,內(nèi)部客戶端B屬于VLAN 20;
- 內(nèi)部三臺交換機之間的雙鏈路使用以太網(wǎng)通道將鏈路聚合;
- 多層交換VLAN間互通;
- 阻塞內(nèi)部二層交換機B上面向內(nèi)部交換機A的兩個端口;
- 內(nèi)部路由使用OSPF協(xié)議;
- 分別映射兩臺FTP服務(wù)器的TCP 21端口至兩臺邊界路由器的外部端口;
- 不允許內(nèi)部客戶端A訪問FTP服務(wù)器A;
不允許內(nèi)部客戶端B訪問FTP服務(wù)器B的TCP 21端口
子網(wǎng)劃分
- ISP運營商—http-pc
- G0/0/0:100.100.100.1/24
- http-pc:100.100.100.2/24
- ISP運營商—邊界路由器A
- G0/0/1:202.102.24.97/30
- 邊界路由器A:G0/0/0:202.102.24.98/30
- ISP運營商—邊界路由器B
- G0/0/2:120.202.249.193/30
- 邊界路由器B:G0/0/0:120.202.249.194/30
分析:
- ISP運營商—邊界路由器A
- 運營商分配的網(wǎng)段為:202.102.24.96/30
- 網(wǎng)段為:202.102.24.96
- 廣播地址:202.102.24.99
- 可用子網(wǎng):202.102.24.97和202.102.24.98
- ISP運營商—邊界路由器B
- 運營商分配的網(wǎng)段為:120.202.249.192/30
- 網(wǎng)段為:120.202.249.192
- 廣播地址:120.202.249.195
- 可用子網(wǎng):120.202.249.193和120.202.249.194
- 邊界路由器A—SW3—邊界路由器B
- 邊界路由器A:G0/0/1:192.168.0.97/27
- 邊界路由器B:G0/0/1:192.168.0.98/27
- SW3-Vlanif1:192.168.0.126/27
分析:
- 給定網(wǎng)段為:192.168.0.96/27
- 網(wǎng)段:192.168.0.96
- 廣播地址:192.168.0.127
- 可用子網(wǎng):192.168.0.97-192.168.0.126
- 內(nèi)部路由器A—SW3—內(nèi)部路由器B
- 內(nèi)部路由器A:G0/0/0:192.168.0.65/27
- 內(nèi)部路由器B:G0/0/0:192.168.0.66/27
- SW3-Vlanif100:192.168.0.94/27
分析:
- 給定網(wǎng)段為:192.168.0.64/27
- 網(wǎng)段:192.168.0.64
- 廣播地址:192.168.0.95
- 可用子網(wǎng):192.168.0.65-192.168.0.94
- 內(nèi)部路由器A—FTP_A
- 內(nèi)部路由器A:G0/0/1:192.168.0.1/27
- FTP_A:E0/0/0:192.168.0.2/27
分析:
- 給定網(wǎng)段:192.168.0.0/27
- 網(wǎng)段:192.168.0.0
- 廣播地址:192.168.0.32
- 可用子網(wǎng):192.168.0.1-192.168.0.31
- 內(nèi)部路由器B—FTP_B
- 內(nèi)部路由器B:G/0/0/1:192.168.0.33/27
- FTP_B:E0/0/0:192.168.0.34/27
分析:
- 給定網(wǎng)段:192.168.0.32/27
- 網(wǎng)段:192.168.0.32
- 廣播地址:192.168.0.63
- 可用子網(wǎng):192.168.0.33-192.168.0.62
- SW_A—PC_A
- SW_A-Vlanif10:192.168.0.158/27
- PC_A:192.168.0.129/27
分析:
- 給定網(wǎng)段:192.168.0.128/27
- 網(wǎng)段:192.168.0.128
- 廣播地址:192.168.0.159
- 可用子網(wǎng):192.168.0.129-192.168.0.158
- SW_B—PC_B
- SW_B-Vlanif20:192.168.0.222/27
- PC_B:192.168.0.193/27
分析:
- 給定網(wǎng)段:192.168.0.192/27
- 網(wǎng)段:192.168.0.192
- 廣播地址:192.168.0.223
- 可用子網(wǎng):192.168.0.193-192.168.0.222
配置相關(guān)IP地址
-
http-pc:
- IP:100.100.100.2/24
- 網(wǎng)關(guān):100.100.100.1/24
-
ISP運營商
[ISP]int g0/0/0 [ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 100.100.100.1 24 [ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 202.102.24.97 30 [ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2 [ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip ad 120.202.249.193 30 [ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q [ISP]dis ip int brief Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 100.100.100.1/24 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 202.102.24.97/30 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 120.202.249.193/30 up up NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
- 邊界路由器A
[BoadeA]int g0/0/0 [BoadeA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 202.102.24.98 30 [BoadeA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] [BoadeA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [BoadeA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.0.97 27 [BoadeA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q [BoadeA]dis ip int bri Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 202.102.24.98/30 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.0.97/27 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down NULL0 unassigned up up(s) [BoadeA]
- 邊界路由器B
[BoadeB]int g0/0/0 [BoadeB-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 120.202.249.194 30 [BoadeB-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [BoadeB-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.0.98 27 [BoadeB-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q [BoadeB]dis ip int bri Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 120.202.249.194/30 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.0.98/27 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down NULL0 unassigned up up(s) [BoadeB]
- 內(nèi)部路由器A
[ltemalA]int g0/0/0 [ltemalA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.0.65 27 [ltemalA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [ltemalA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.0.1 27 [ltemalA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q [ltemalA]dis ip int bri Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.0.65/27 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.0.1/27 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down NULL0 unassigned up up(s) [ltemalA]
- 內(nèi)部路由器B
[ltemalB]int g0/0/0 [ltemalB-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad 192.168.0.66 27 [ltemalB-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [ltemalB-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip ad 192.168.0.33 27 [ltemalB-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q [ltemalB]dis ip int bri Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.0.66/27 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.0.33/27 up up GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down NULL0 unassigned up up(s) [ltemalB]
- SW3
[SW3]vlan batch 10 20 100 [SW3]int Vlanif 1 [SW3-Vlanif1]ip ad 192.168.0.126 27 [SW3-Vlanif1]q [SW3]int Vlanif 100 [SW3-Vlanif100]ip ad 192.168.0.94 27 [SW3-Vlanif100]q [SW3]
-
FTP_A:
- IP地址:192.168.0.2
- 子網(wǎng)掩碼:255.255.255.224
- 網(wǎng)關(guān):192.168.0.1
-
FTP_B
- IP地址:192.168.0.34
- 子網(wǎng)掩碼:255.255.255.224
- 網(wǎng)關(guān):192.168.0.33
-
PC_A
- IP地址:192.168.0.129
- 子網(wǎng)掩碼:255.255.255.224
- 網(wǎng)關(guān):192.168.0.158
-
PC_B
- IP地址:192.168.0.193
- 子網(wǎng)掩碼:255.255.255.224
- 網(wǎng)關(guān):192.168.0.222
SW3配置
[SW3]vlan batch 10 20 [SW3]int Vlanif 10 [SW3-Vlanif10]ip ad 192.168.0.158 27 [SW3-Vlanif10]int vlan 20 [SW3-Vlanif20]ip ad 192.168.0.222 27 [SW3-Vlanif20]q [SW3]
劃分VLAN
# SWA配置 [SWA]vlan 10 [SWA-vlan10]q [SWA]int g0/0/10 [SWA-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port link-type access [SWA-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port default vlan 10 [SWA-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]q [SWA] # SWB配置 [SWB]vlan 20 [SWB-vlan20]q [SWB]int g0/0/10 [SWB-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port link-type access [SWB-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port default vlan 20 [SWB-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]q [SWB] # SW3配置 [SW3]int g0/0/5 [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port link-type access [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port default vlan 100 [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]q [SW3]int g0/0/6 [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/6]port link-type access [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/6]port default vlan 100
配置鏈路聚合
# SWA配置 [SWA]int Eth-Trunk 1 [SWA-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/2 [SWA-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk [SWA-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [SWA-Eth-Trunk1]q [SWA]int Eth-Trunk 2 [SWA-Eth-Trunk2]trunkport GigabitEthernet 0/0/5 to 0/0/6 [SWA-Eth-Trunk2]port link-type trunk [SWA-Eth-Trunk2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [SWA-Eth-Trunk2]q [SWA] # SWB配置 [SWB]int Eth-Trunk 1 [SWB-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 to 0/0/4 [SWB-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk [SWB-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [SWB-Eth-Trunk1]q [SWB]int Eth-Trunk 2 [SWB-Eth-Trunk2]trunkport GigabitEthernet 0/0/5 to 0/0/6 [SWB-Eth-Trunk2]port link-type trunk [SWB-Eth-Trunk2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [SWB-Eth-Trunk2]q [SWB] # SW3配置 [SW3]int Eth-Trunk 1 [SW3-Eth-Trunk1]trunkport GigabitEthernet 0/0/3 to 0/0/4 [SW3-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk [SW3-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [SW3-Eth-Trunk1]q [SW3]int Eth-Trunk 2 [SW3-Eth-Trunk2]trunkport GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/2 [SW3-Eth-Trunk2]port link-type trunk [SW3-Eth-Trunk2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [SW3-Eth-Trunk2]q [SW3]
三層接口(已配置)
[SW3]dis ip int bri Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol MEth0/0/1 unassigned down down NULL0 unassigned up up(s) Vlanif1 192.168.0.126/27 up up Vlanif10 192.168.0.158/27 up up Vlanif20 192.168.0.222/27 up up Vlanif100 192.168.0.94/27 up up
阻塞端口
[SW3]stp root primary //將SW3設(shè)置為根橋 # 查看SW3的端口角色 [SW3]dis stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/5 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/6 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/11 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 Eth-Trunk1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 Eth-Trunk2 DESI FORWARDING NONE [SW3] # 查看SWB的端口角色 [SWB]dis stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 Eth-Trunk1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 Eth-Trunk2 ALTE DISCARDING NONE [SWB]
配置OSPF
# BoadeA配置 [BoadeA]ospf [BoadeA-ospf-1]area 0 [BoadeA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.0.96 0.0.0.31 //宣告一個網(wǎng)段 [BoadeA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q [BoadeA-ospf-1]default-route-advertise //交換默認路由 # BoadeB配置 [BoadeB]ospf [BoadeB-ospf-1]area 0 [BoadeB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.0.96 0.0.0.31 [BoadeB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q [BoadeB-ospf-1]default-route-advertise # SW3配置 [SW3]ospf [SW3-ospf-1]area 0 # 精確宣告 [SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.0.126 0.0.0.0 [SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.0.158 0.0.0.0 [SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.0.222 0.0.0.0 [SW3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.0.94 0.0.0.0 # ltemalA [ltemalA]ospf [ltemalA-ospf-1]area 0 [ltemalA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.31 [ltemalA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.0.64 0.0.0.31 # ltemalB [ltemalB]ospf [ltemalB-ospf-1]area 0 [ltemalB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.0.32 0.0.0.31 [ltemalB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.0.64 0.0.0.31
- OSPF精確宣告:
[BoadeA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.0.97 0.0.0.0
- 測試FTP_A與PC的連通性
- 查看所有設(shè)備的路由表
配置FTP映射
# BoadeA配置 [BoadeA]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 202.102.24.97 [BoadeA]acl 2000 [BoadeA-acl-basic-2000]rule permit [BoadeA-acl-basic-2000]q [BoadeA]int g0/0/0 [BoadeA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000 [BoadeA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 21 inside 192.168.0.2 21 Warning:The port 21 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa ilure. Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y //Y確認 [BoadeA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] # BoadeB配置 [BoadeB]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 120.202.249.193 [BoadeB]acl 2000 [BoadeB-acl-basic-2000]rule permit [BoadeB-acl-basic-2000]q [BoadeB]int g0/0/0 [BoadeB-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000 [BoadeB-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 21 inside 192.168.0.34 21 Warning:The port 21 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa ilure. Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y //Y確認 [BoadeB-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
- FTP_A與ISP運營商連通性測試
- FTP_A與http-pc連通性測試
- http-pc訪問FTP_A測試
- 配置內(nèi)網(wǎng)FTP_A服務(wù)器
- http-pc訪問內(nèi)網(wǎng)FTP_A(文件傳輸模式PORT)
禁止訪問FTP
# ltemalA配置ACL [ltemalA]acl 3000 [ltemalA-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp source 192.168.0.129 0.0.0.0 destination-port eq 21 [ltemalA-acl-adv-3000]q [ltemalA]int g0/0/0 [ltemalA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]traffic-filter inbound acl 3000 # ltemalB配置ACL [ltemalB]acl 3000 [ltemalB-acl-adv-3000]rule deny tcp source 192.168.0.193 0.0.0.0 destination-port eq 21 [ltemalB-acl-adv-3000]q [ltemalB]int g0/0/0 [ltemalB-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]traffic-filter inbound acl 3000
- PC測試登錄FTP服務(wù)器
- PC與FTP連通性測試
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